Contribution of wastewater- versus non-wastewater-derived sources to haloacetonitriles formation potential in a wastewater-impacted river

Population growth and urbanization have led to the increasing presence of treated wastewater effluents in downstream drinking water sources. Drinking sources influenced by organic matter from upstream treatment plant (WWTP) are thought prone formation haloacetonitriles (HANs), a group nitrogenous disinfection by-products (DBPs) that can exhibit higher toxicity than currently regulated carbonaceous DBPs. We develop framework for studying HAN potential (HAN-FP) considering WWTP non-WWTP related precursors, apply this representative WWTP-impacted river, Illinois River, USA. A spatiotemporally-resolved river hydrodynamic quality model is developed using HEC-RAS quantify contribution versus HAN-FP precursors. Results show considerable, accounting up 78% concentration. Moreover, two varies due streamflow discharge variability. During lower flows, WWTPs drives high concentration during becomes dominant. As result, risk may exist persistently (HAN-FP always larger 9.7 μg/L study), not only low flows but also both wastewater- non-wastewater-derived